Kernel Metadata Declaration — on demand
ISO 26324 asks a DOI Registration Agency to produce a Kernel Metadata Declaration for every DOI it issues. Give any DOI: its public record becomes a record in the Smart Scholars DOI Metadata Format 1.0, checked against every rule, and declared as the Kernel XML.
✓ Meets every rule of the format
The record below is complete and every controlled value is a DOI Attribute Value Set 2.3 spelling. The Declaration on the right follows DOIMetadataKernel.xsd element by element.
What the DOI identifies
A COMBINED APPROACH OF DWT-DCT FOR BLIND MEDICAL IMAGE WATERMARKING
10.46243/jst.2024.v9.i1.pp11-20 · JournalArticle — an article in a journal · Digital · Visual · Language · en
Published 2024-01-25
Part of Journal of Science & Technology · ISSN 2456-5660 · vol. 9 · no. 1 · pp. 11–20
Principal agents
- Dr. Geetha Reddy (author → Author)
- Longman Publishers (publisher → Publisher)
Also in the record, outside the Kernel: the abstract, the licence, 4 links, 4 references. Source: Crossref (member 25296), registered 2024-02-16, last deposited 2026-09-17.
System metadata — ISO 26324:2025, Annex B · DOI Handbook 10.1
Each element by the standard's name and the Handbook's (in grey), read off the record.
| DOI Name DOI name | 10.46243/jst.2024.v9.i1.pp11-20 |
| Referent Type referentType | Creation |
| Referent Sub-Type referentSubType | JournalArticle — an article in a journal |
| Referent Name(s) referentName(s) | A COMBINED APPROACH OF DWT-DCT FOR BLIND MEDICAL IMAGE WATERMARKING (PrincipalTitle, en) |
| Basic Metadata basicMetadata | author: Dr. Geetha Reddy publisher: Longman Publishers published: 2024-01-25 part of: Journal of Science & Technology · ISSN 2456-5660 · vol. 9 · no. 1 · pp. 11–20 language: en form: Digital · Visual · Language |
| Referent Identifier(s) alternateIdentifier(s) | none besides the DOI |
| Registration Authority registrationAuthorityCode | Crossref — issued by Crossref (member 25296); held here as a copy |
| Created Date issueDate | 2024-02-16 |
| relatedIdentifiers | none needed — the descriptive metadata is in this record |
The record
{
"format": "smartscholars-doi-metadata/1.0",
"doi": "10.46243/jst.2024.v9.i1.pp11-20",
"referent": "Creation",
"type": "JournalArticle",
"structural_type": "Digital",
"modes": [
"Visual"
],
"characters": [
"Language"
],
"titles": [
{
"value": "A COMBINED APPROACH OF DWT-DCT FOR BLIND MEDICAL IMAGE WATERMARKING",
"type": "PrincipalTitle",
"lang": "en"
}
],
"identifiers": [
{
"type": "DOI",
"value": "10.46243/jst.2024.v9.i1.pp11-20"
}
],
"agents": [
{
"role": "author",
"name": {
"given": "Dr. Geetha",
"family": "Reddy"
},
"sequence": "first"
},
{
"role": "publisher",
"name": {
"org": "Longman Publishers"
}
}
],
"dates": {
"published": "2024-01-25",
"date_type": "PublicationDate",
"online": "2024-01-25"
},
"language": "en",
"container": {
"type": "Journal",
"titles": [
{
"value": "Journal of Science & Technology",
"type": "PrincipalTitle"
}
],
"identifiers": [
{
"type": "ISSN",
"value": "2456-5660",
"medium": "electronic"
}
],
"volume": "9",
"issue": "1",
"pages": {
"first": "11",
"last": "20"
}
},
"links": [
{
"url": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/view/12",
"return_type": "text/html",
"primary": true
},
{
"url": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/download/12/6",
"purpose": "text-mining",
"return_type": "application/pdf"
},
{
"url": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/download/12/1409",
"purpose": "text-mining",
"return_type": "application/xml"
},
{
"url": "https://www.jst.org.in/admin/uploads/D3.%20Watermarking%20doc1.pdf",
"purpose": "similarity-checking"
}
],
"abstract": {
"value": "With the rapid advancement of digital technologies, the sharing and distribution of medical images have become widespread, posing serious security challenges. To protect sensitive medical data from unauthorized access and tampering, watermarking has emerged as a crucial security measure. In addition, the concept of watermarking has become vital in preserving the integrity and authenticity of these images. Traditional watermarking techniques faced limitations in terms of robustness and visibility, especially for medical imaging, where image quality is paramount. To overcome these challenges, this work introduces an innovative blind medical image watermarking technique that combines the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). The proposed method ensures robust and imperceptible watermark embedding and retrieval while maintaining the visual quality of medical images. The significance of robust and imperceptible medical image watermarking cannot be overstated. As medical institutions increasingly adopt digital practices like telemedicine and electronic health records, the risk of data breaches, tampering, and unethical practices also rises. An efficient watermarking technique is crucial to protect patient privacy, maintain trust in medical institutions, and ensure the authenticity of medical data. The combined DWT-DCT approach presented in this paper offers a promising solution by enabling secure watermark embedding and retrieval, ensuring tamper detection and authentication",
"lang": "en"
},
"license": {
"url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"start": "2024-01-25",
"applies_to": "vor"
},
"references": [
{
"key": "ref1",
"doi": "10.1007/s11042-020-09981-5",
"unstructured": "Balasamy, K.; Suganyadevi, S. A fuzzy based ROI selection for encryption and watermarking in medical image using DWT and SVD. Multimed. Tools Appl. 2021, 80, 7167–7186"
},
{
"key": "ref2",
"doi": "10.1007/s11042-022-12082-0",
"unstructured": "Sinhal, R.; Sharma, S.; Ansari, I.A.; Bajaj, V. Multipurpose medical image watermarking for effective security solutions. Multimed. Tools Appl. 2022, 81, 14045–14063"
},
{
"key": "ref3",
"doi": "10.1007/s11517-021-02374-2",
"unstructured": "Ravichandran, D.; Praveenkumar, P.; Rajagopalan, S.; Rayappan, J.B.B.; Amirtharajan, R. ROI-based medical image watermarking for accurate tamper detection, localisation and recovery. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 2021, 59, 1355–1372. [PubMed]"
},
{
"key": "ref4",
"doi": "10.1109/access.2022.3170030",
"unstructured": "Dai, Z.; Lian, C.; He, Z.; Jiang, H.; Wang, Y. A novel hybrid reversible-zero watermarking scheme to protect medical image. IEEE Access 2022, 10, 58005–58016"
}
],
"record": {
"registrant": "Longman Publishers",
"registered": "2024-02-16",
"updated": "2026-09-17",
"issue_number": 1,
"source": "crossref-api",
"source_agency": "Crossref (member 25296)"
}
}The Kernel Metadata Declaration
DOIMetadataKernel.xsd · namespace http://www.doi.org/2010/DOISchema · Attribute Value Sets 2.3 · draft — the agency's DOI name is filled in on accreditation
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- DRAFT declaration: Smart Scholars is not yet a DOI Registration Agency. registrationAgencyDoiName is a marker (10.0/ is no RA's prefix) and is filled in on accreditation. -->
<kernelMetadata xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.doi.org/2010/DOISchema https://www.doi.org/doi_schemas/DOIMetadataKernel.xsd" xmlns="http://www.doi.org/2010/DOISchema">
<referentDoiName>10.46243/jst.2024.v9.i1.pp11-20</referentDoiName>
<primaryReferentType>Creation</primaryReferentType>
<registrationAgencyDoiName>10.0/smart-scholars-draft</registrationAgencyDoiName>
<issueDate>2026-10-04</issueDate>
<issueNumber>1</issueNumber>
<referentCreation>
<name primaryLanguage="en">
<value>A COMBINED APPROACH OF DWT-DCT FOR BLIND MEDICAL IMAGE WATERMARKING</value>
<type>PrincipalTitle</type>
</name>
<identifier>
<nonUriValue>10.46243/jst.2024.v9.i1.pp11-20</nonUriValue>
<uri returnType="text/html" doesContentNegotiation="true">https://doi.org/10.46243/jst.2024.v9.i1.pp11-20</uri>
<type>DOI</type>
</identifier>
<identifier>
<uri returnType="text/html">https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/view/12</uri>
<type>URI</type>
</identifier>
<identifier>
<uri>https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/download/12/6</uri>
<type>URI</type>
</identifier>
<identifier>
<uri returnType="application/xml">https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/download/12/1409</uri>
<type>URI</type>
</identifier>
<identifier>
<uri>https://www.jst.org.in/admin/uploads/D3.%20Watermarking%20doc1.pdf</uri>
<type>URI</type>
</identifier>
<structuralType>Digital</structuralType>
<mode>Visual</mode>
<character>Language</character>
<type>JournalArticle</type>
<principalAgent>
<name>
<value>Dr. Geetha Reddy</value>
<type>PrincipalName</type>
</name>
<role>Author</role>
</principalAgent>
<principalAgent>
<name>
<value>Longman Publishers</value>
<type>PrincipalName</type>
</name>
<role>Publisher</role>
</principalAgent>
<linkedCreation>
<name>
<value>Journal of Science & Technology</value>
<type>PrincipalTitle</type>
</name>
<identifier>
<nonUriValue>2456-5660</nonUriValue>
<type>ISSN</type>
</identifier>
<referentCreationRole>Part</referentCreationRole>
<referentCreationSequenceIdentifier>
<value>9</value>
<type>VolumeNumber</type>
</referentCreationSequenceIdentifier>
<referentCreationSequenceIdentifier>
<value>1</value>
<type>IssueNumber</type>
</referentCreationSequenceIdentifier>
<referentCreationSequenceIdentifier>
<value>11-20</value>
<type>PageNumber</type>
</referentCreationSequenceIdentifier>
</linkedCreation>
<language>en</language>
<languageOfReferentContent>
<language>en</language>
<languageOfReferentContentType>Original</languageOfReferentContentType>
</languageOfReferentContent>
<creationDate>
<date>2024-01-25</date>
<creationDateType>PublicationDate</creationDateType>
</creationDate>
</referentCreation>
</kernelMetadata>
