Kernel Metadata Declaration — on demand
ISO 26324 asks a DOI Registration Agency to produce a Kernel Metadata Declaration for every DOI it issues. Give any DOI: its public record becomes a record in the Smart Scholars DOI Metadata Format 1.0, checked against every rule, and declared as the Kernel XML.
✓ Meets every rule of the format
The record below is complete and every controlled value is a DOI Attribute Value Set 2.3 spelling. The Declaration on the right follows DOIMetadataKernel.xsd element by element.
What the DOI identifies
IDENTIFICATION OF FRAUD DETECTION FROM CREDIT CARD TRANSACTIONS USING ML
10.46243/jst.2023.v8.i04.pp25-31 · JournalArticle — an article in a journal · Digital · Visual · Language · en
Published 2023-10-04
Part of Journal of Science & Technology · ISSN 2456-5660 · vol. 8 · no. 4 · pp. 25–31
Principal agents
- Dr. M. Radhika Mani Dr. M. Radhika Mani (author → Author)
- Longman Publishers (publisher → Publisher)
Also in the record, outside the Kernel: the abstract, the licence, 4 links, 8 references. Source: Crossref (member 25296), registered 2024-02-16, last deposited 2026-09-17.
System metadata — ISO 26324:2025, Annex B · DOI Handbook 10.1
Each element by the standard's name and the Handbook's (in grey), read off the record.
| DOI Name DOI name | 10.46243/jst.2023.v8.i04.pp25-31 |
| Referent Type referentType | Creation |
| Referent Sub-Type referentSubType | JournalArticle — an article in a journal |
| Referent Name(s) referentName(s) | IDENTIFICATION OF FRAUD DETECTION FROM CREDIT CARD TRANSACTIONS USING ML (PrincipalTitle, en) |
| Basic Metadata basicMetadata | author: Dr. M. Radhika Mani Dr. M. Radhika Mani publisher: Longman Publishers published: 2023-10-04 part of: Journal of Science & Technology · ISSN 2456-5660 · vol. 8 · no. 4 · pp. 25–31 language: en form: Digital · Visual · Language |
| Referent Identifier(s) alternateIdentifier(s) | none besides the DOI |
| Registration Authority registrationAuthorityCode | Crossref — issued by Crossref (member 25296); held here as a copy |
| Created Date issueDate | 2024-02-16 |
| relatedIdentifiers | none needed — the descriptive metadata is in this record |
The record
{
"format": "smartscholars-doi-metadata/1.0",
"doi": "10.46243/jst.2023.v8.i04.pp25-31",
"referent": "Creation",
"type": "JournalArticle",
"structural_type": "Digital",
"modes": [
"Visual"
],
"characters": [
"Language"
],
"titles": [
{
"value": "IDENTIFICATION OF FRAUD DETECTION FROM CREDIT CARD TRANSACTIONS USING ML",
"type": "PrincipalTitle",
"lang": "en"
}
],
"identifiers": [
{
"type": "DOI",
"value": "10.46243/jst.2023.v8.i04.pp25-31"
}
],
"agents": [
{
"role": "author",
"name": {
"given": "Dr. M. Radhika Mani",
"family": "Dr. M. Radhika Mani"
},
"sequence": "first"
},
{
"role": "publisher",
"name": {
"org": "Longman Publishers"
}
}
],
"dates": {
"published": "2023-10-04",
"date_type": "PublicationDate",
"online": "2023-10-04"
},
"language": "en",
"container": {
"type": "Journal",
"titles": [
{
"value": "Journal of Science & Technology",
"type": "PrincipalTitle"
}
],
"identifiers": [
{
"type": "ISSN",
"value": "2456-5660",
"medium": "electronic"
}
],
"volume": "8",
"issue": "4",
"pages": {
"first": "25",
"last": "31"
}
},
"links": [
{
"url": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/view/684",
"return_type": "text/html",
"primary": true
},
{
"url": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/download/684/614",
"purpose": "text-mining",
"return_type": "application/pdf"
},
{
"url": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/download/684/1868",
"purpose": "text-mining",
"return_type": "application/xml"
},
{
"url": "https://www.jst.org.in/admin/uploads/A13.pdf",
"purpose": "similarity-checking"
}
],
"abstract": {
"value": "This project is mainly focused on credit card fraud detection in real world. A phenomenal growth in the number of credit card transactions, has recently led to a considerable rise in fraudulent activities. In the modern era, the usage of the internet has increased a lot these days and becomes an essential part of the life. As the e-commerce has increased, the buying and selling the products over the internet becomes easier and more flexible. The usage of online shopping, online bill payment has increased a lot these days with the",
"lang": "en"
},
"license": {
"url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"start": "2023-10-04",
"applies_to": "vor"
},
"references": [
{
"key": "ref1",
"doi": "10.21817/ijet/2016/v8i5/160805414",
"unstructured": "Sudhamathy G: Credit Risk Analysis and Prediction Modelling of Bank Loans Using R, vol. 8, no-5, pp. 1954-1966"
},
{
"key": "ref2",
"doi": "10.1109/icsgea.2017.161",
"unstructured": "LI Changjian, HU Peng: Credit Risk Assessment for ural Credit Cooperatives based on Improved Neural Network, International Conference on Smart Grid and Electrical Automation vol. 60, no. - 3, pp 227-230, 2017"
},
{
"key": "ref3",
"doi": "10.1109/icmlc.2006.258774",
"unstructured": "Wei Sun, Chen-Guang Yang, Jian-Xun Qi: Credit Risk Assessment in Commercial Banks Based On Support Vector Machines, vol.6, pp 2430-2433, 2006"
},
{
"key": "ref4",
"doi": "10.1109/tdsc.2009.11",
"unstructured": "Amlan Kundu, Suvasini Panigrahi, Shamik Sural, Senior Member, IEEE, “BLAST-SSAHA Hybridization for Credit Card Fraud Detection”, vol. 6, no. 4 pp. 309-315, 2009"
},
{
"key": "ref5",
"doi": "10.1109/inista.2011.5946108",
"unstructured": "Y. Sahin and E. Duman, “Detecting Credit Card Fraud by Decision Trees and Support Vector Machines, Proceedings of International Multi Conference of Engineers and Computer Scientists, vol. I, 2011"
},
{
"key": "ref6",
"doi": "10.14445/22315381/ijett-v8p225",
"unstructured": "Sitaram patel, Sunita Gond, “Supervised Machine (SVM) Learning for Credit Card Fraud Detection, International of engineering trends and technology, vol. 8, no. -3, pp. 137- 140, 2014"
},
{
"key": "ref7",
"doi": "10.29121/web/v18i4/103",
"unstructured": "Snehal Patil, Harshada Somavanshi, Jyoti Gaikwad, Amruta Deshmane, Rinku Badgujar,” Credit Card Fraud Detection Using Decision Tree Induction Algorithm, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.4 Issue.4, April- 2015, pg. 92-95"
},
{
"key": "ref8",
"unstructured": "Dahee Choi and Kyungho Lee, “Machine Learning based Approach to Financial Fraud Detection Process in Mobile Payment System”, vol. 5, no. - 4, December 2017, pp. 12-24"
}
],
"record": {
"registrant": "Longman Publishers",
"registered": "2024-02-16",
"updated": "2026-09-17",
"issue_number": 1,
"source": "crossref-api",
"source_agency": "Crossref (member 25296)"
}
}The Kernel Metadata Declaration
DOIMetadataKernel.xsd · namespace http://www.doi.org/2010/DOISchema · Attribute Value Sets 2.3 · draft — the agency's DOI name is filled in on accreditation
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- DRAFT declaration: Smart Scholars is not yet a DOI Registration Agency. registrationAgencyDoiName is a marker (10.0/ is no RA's prefix) and is filled in on accreditation. -->
<kernelMetadata xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.doi.org/2010/DOISchema https://www.doi.org/doi_schemas/DOIMetadataKernel.xsd" xmlns="http://www.doi.org/2010/DOISchema">
<referentDoiName>10.46243/jst.2023.v8.i04.pp25-31</referentDoiName>
<primaryReferentType>Creation</primaryReferentType>
<registrationAgencyDoiName>10.0/smart-scholars-draft</registrationAgencyDoiName>
<issueDate>2026-10-04</issueDate>
<issueNumber>1</issueNumber>
<referentCreation>
<name primaryLanguage="en">
<value>IDENTIFICATION OF FRAUD DETECTION FROM CREDIT CARD TRANSACTIONS USING ML</value>
<type>PrincipalTitle</type>
</name>
<identifier>
<nonUriValue>10.46243/jst.2023.v8.i04.pp25-31</nonUriValue>
<uri returnType="text/html" doesContentNegotiation="true">https://doi.org/10.46243/jst.2023.v8.i04.pp25-31</uri>
<type>DOI</type>
</identifier>
<identifier>
<uri returnType="text/html">https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/view/684</uri>
<type>URI</type>
</identifier>
<identifier>
<uri>https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/download/684/614</uri>
<type>URI</type>
</identifier>
<identifier>
<uri returnType="application/xml">https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/download/684/1868</uri>
<type>URI</type>
</identifier>
<identifier>
<uri>https://www.jst.org.in/admin/uploads/A13.pdf</uri>
<type>URI</type>
</identifier>
<structuralType>Digital</structuralType>
<mode>Visual</mode>
<character>Language</character>
<type>JournalArticle</type>
<principalAgent>
<name>
<value>Dr. M. Radhika Mani Dr. M. Radhika Mani</value>
<type>PrincipalName</type>
</name>
<role>Author</role>
</principalAgent>
<principalAgent>
<name>
<value>Longman Publishers</value>
<type>PrincipalName</type>
</name>
<role>Publisher</role>
</principalAgent>
<linkedCreation>
<name>
<value>Journal of Science & Technology</value>
<type>PrincipalTitle</type>
</name>
<identifier>
<nonUriValue>2456-5660</nonUriValue>
<type>ISSN</type>
</identifier>
<referentCreationRole>Part</referentCreationRole>
<referentCreationSequenceIdentifier>
<value>8</value>
<type>VolumeNumber</type>
</referentCreationSequenceIdentifier>
<referentCreationSequenceIdentifier>
<value>4</value>
<type>IssueNumber</type>
</referentCreationSequenceIdentifier>
<referentCreationSequenceIdentifier>
<value>25-31</value>
<type>PageNumber</type>
</referentCreationSequenceIdentifier>
</linkedCreation>
<language>en</language>
<languageOfReferentContent>
<language>en</language>
<languageOfReferentContentType>Original</languageOfReferentContentType>
</languageOfReferentContent>
<creationDate>
<date>2023-10-04</date>
<creationDateType>PublicationDate</creationDateType>
</creationDate>
</referentCreation>
</kernelMetadata>
