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Kernel Metadata Declaration — on demand

ISO 26324 asks a DOI Registration Agency to produce a Kernel Metadata Declaration for every DOI it issues. Give any DOI: its public record becomes a record in the Smart Scholars DOI Metadata Format 1.0, checked against every rule, and declared as the Kernel XML.

Reads the DOI's public Crossref record; nothing is stored. Until Smart Scholars is accredited, every Declaration is marked as a draft in the XML itself.

✓ Meets every rule of the format

The record below is complete and every controlled value is a DOI Attribute Value Set 2.3 spelling. The Declaration on the right follows DOIMetadataKernel.xsd element by element.

What the DOI identifies

Prediction System for Student’s Academic Performance to increase University Admission System and Cumulative Grade Point Average Credits

10.46243/jst.2022.v7.i05.pp20-31 · JournalArticle — an article in a journal · Digital · Visual · Language · en

Published 2023-07-18

Part of Journal of Science & Technology · ISSN 2456-5660 · vol. 7 · no. 5 · pp. 20–31

Principal agents

  • P.Mohana Priya P.Mohana Priya (author → Author)
  • Longman Publishers (publisher → Publisher)

Also in the record, outside the Kernel: the abstract, the licence, 4 links, 29 references. Source: Crossref (member 25296), registered 2024-02-16, last deposited 2026-09-17.

⬇ Record (JSON) ⬇ Declaration (XML)

System metadata — ISO 26324:2025, Annex B · DOI Handbook 10.1

Each element by the standard's name and the Handbook's (in grey), read off the record.

DOI Name
DOI name
10.46243/jst.2022.v7.i05.pp20-31
Referent Type
referentType
Creation
Referent Sub-Type
referentSubType
JournalArticle — an article in a journal
Referent Name(s)
referentName(s)
Prediction System for Student’s Academic Performance to increase University Admission System and Cumulative Grade Point Average Credits (PrincipalTitle, en)
Basic Metadata
basicMetadata
author: P.Mohana Priya P.Mohana Priya
publisher: Longman Publishers
published: 2023-07-18
part of: Journal of Science & Technology · ISSN 2456-5660 · vol. 7 · no. 5 · pp. 20–31
language: en
form: Digital · Visual · Language
Referent Identifier(s)
alternateIdentifier(s)
none besides the DOI
Registration Authority
registrationAuthorityCode
Crossref — issued by Crossref (member 25296); held here as a copy
Created Date
issueDate
2024-02-16
relatedIdentifiersnone needed — the descriptive metadata is in this record

The record

{
    "format": "smartscholars-doi-metadata/1.0",
    "doi": "10.46243/jst.2022.v7.i05.pp20-31",
    "referent": "Creation",
    "type": "JournalArticle",
    "structural_type": "Digital",
    "modes": [
        "Visual"
    ],
    "characters": [
        "Language"
    ],
    "titles": [
        {
            "value": "Prediction System for Student’s Academic Performance to increase University Admission System and Cumulative Grade Point Average Credits",
            "type": "PrincipalTitle",
            "lang": "en"
        }
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    "identifiers": [
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            "type": "DOI",
            "value": "10.46243/jst.2022.v7.i05.pp20-31"
        }
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    "agents": [
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            "role": "author",
            "name": {
                "given": "P.Mohana Priya",
                "family": "P.Mohana Priya"
            },
            "sequence": "first"
        },
        {
            "role": "publisher",
            "name": {
                "org": "Longman Publishers"
            }
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    "dates": {
        "published": "2023-07-18",
        "date_type": "PublicationDate",
        "online": "2023-07-18"
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    "language": "en",
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        "type": "Journal",
        "titles": [
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                "type": "PrincipalTitle"
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                "type": "ISSN",
                "value": "2456-5660",
                "medium": "electronic"
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        "volume": "7",
        "issue": "5",
        "pages": {
            "first": "20",
            "last": "31"
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    "links": [
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            "url": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/view/465",
            "return_type": "text/html",
            "primary": true
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        {
            "url": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/download/465/411",
            "purpose": "text-mining",
            "return_type": "application/pdf"
        },
        {
            "url": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/download/465/2057",
            "purpose": "text-mining",
            "return_type": "application/xml"
        },
        {
            "url": "https://jst.org.in/admin/uploads/JST070502.pdf",
            "purpose": "similarity-checking"
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    ],
    "abstract": {
        "value": "Education sector is a big boon for society and it is utmost important to strengthen the university admission system by constructing basic eligibility criteria in order to maintain consistent results and to analyze students’ performance in the forthcoming semesters. This research work incorporates two prediction systems in which prediction system 1 consists of supervised machine learning classification algorithms such as Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, Naïve Bayes, Artificial Neural Networks Multi-Layer Perceptron and prediction system 2 is feeded with unsupervised clustering algorithms such as KNN, K-Means, DBSCAN and Agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithms that have been trained with students’ academic and personal details. It is found that 98% of detection accuracy is yielded as the result of supervised classification algorithms. Data is an important asset for every organization and hence this article is proposed to secure data from common breaches in software defined network. In this article, hybrid cipher model is proposed to safeguard the communication of data transmitted among the layers in software defined networks. The logic of hybrid cipher model is incorporated in software defined controller which encrypts open flow request and response messages. Software Defined Network is adapted for implementing hybrid cipher model as the network provides customizable platform and act as a unmanned security featured software controller. The proposed Hybrid Diagonal Transposition algorithm is incorporated with software defined wireless sensing node for encrypting user’s data. Hence the unmanned security featured wireless sensing node is situation-aware, it detects malicious traffic flows and encrypts user’s data. Hybrid Diagonal Transposition algorithm prevents data breaches in Software Defined Networks. Results are interpreted for various network and sensor metrics such as routing hops, participating node temperature, battery voltage, humidity, lights, received packets per node, number of network hops, power consumption, radio duty cycle, temperature of sensors, beacon interval, network hops, routing metric and the same work will be extended in future for comparative results",
        "lang": "en"
    },
    "license": {
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "start": "2023-07-18",
        "applies_to": "vor"
    },
    "references": [
        {
            "key": "ref1",
            "doi": "10.1016/j.econedurev.2018.01.002",
            "unstructured": "Heinesen, E., “Admission to higher education programmes and student educational outcomes and earnings–Evidence from Denmark”, Economics of Education Review, Vol. 63, pp. 1-19, 2018"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref2",
            "doi": "10.1016/j.compeleceng.2020.106908",
            "unstructured": "Chango, W., Cerezo, R., & Romero, C, “Multi-source and multimodal data fusion for predicting academic performance in blended learning university courses”, Computers & Electrical Engineering, Vol. 89, pp. 106908, 2021"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref3",
            "doi": "10.1016/j.compeleceng.2021.107288",
            "unstructured": "Gonzalez-Nucamendi, A., Noguez, J., Neri, L., Robledo-Rella, V., García-Castelán, R. M. G., & Escobar-Castillejos, D, “The prediction of academic performance using engineering student’s profiles”, Computers & Electrical Engineering, Vol. 93, pp. 107288, 2021"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref4",
            "doi": "10.1016/j.knosys.2018.07.042",
            "unstructured": "Helal, S., Li, J., Liu, L., Ebrahimie, E., Dawson, S., Murray, D. J., & Long, Q, “Predicting academic performance by considering student heterogeneity”, Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 161, pp. 134-146, 2018"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref5",
            "doi": "10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01250",
            "unstructured": "Adekitan, A. I., & Salau, O, “The impact of engineering students' performance in the first three years on their graduation result using educational data mining”, Heliyon, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2019"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref6",
            "doi": "10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.566",
            "unstructured": "H. Kishan Das Menon, V. Janardhan, “Machine learning approaches in education”, Materials Today Proceedings, Vol. 43, No. 6, pp. 3470–3480, 2021"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref7",
            "unstructured": "https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/index.php"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref8",
            "doi": "10.1109/icoase.2018.8548804",
            "unstructured": "Ahmed, N. S., & Sadiq, M. H, “Clarify of the random forest algorithm in an educational field”, IEEE International conference on advanced science and engineering, pp. 179-184, 2018"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref9",
            "doi": "10.1016/j.matpr.2021.07.382",
            "unstructured": "Pallathadka, H., Wenda, A., Ramirez-Asís, E., Asís-López, M., Flores-Albornoz, J., & Phasinam, K, “Classification and prediction of student performance data using various machine learning algorithms”, Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref10",
            "doi": "10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100018",
            "unstructured": "Rodríguez-Hernández, C. F., Musso, M., Kyndt, E., & Cascallar, E, “Artificial neural networks in academic performance prediction: Systematic implementation and predictor evaluation”, Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 2, pp. 100018, 2021"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref11",
            "doi": "10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.1024",
            "unstructured": "Maheswari, K., Priya, A., Balamurugan, A., & Ramkumar, S, “Analyzing student performance factors using KNN algorithm”, Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref12",
            "doi": "10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.043",
            "unstructured": "Lau, W. W, “Effects of social media usage and social media multitasking on the academic performance of university students”, Computers in human behavior, Vol. 68, pp. 286-291, 2017"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref13",
            "doi": "10.1016/j.matpr.2021.05.646",
            "unstructured": "Dabhade, P., Agarwal, R., Alameen, K. P., Fathima, A. T., Sridharan, R., & Gopakumar, G, “Educational data mining for predicting students’ academic performance using machine learning algorithms”, Materials Today: Proceedings, Vol. 47, pp. 5260-5267,2021"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref14",
            "doi": "10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103694",
            "unstructured": "Wakefield, J., & Frawley, J. K, “How does students' general academic achievement moderate the implications of social networking on specific levels of learning performance?”, Computers & Education, Vol. 144, pp. 103694, 2020"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref15",
            "doi": "10.1016/j.matpr.2021.05.646",
            "unstructured": "Dabhade, P., Agarwal, R., Alameen, K. P., Fathima, A. T., Sridharan, R., & Gopakumar, G, “Educational data mining for predicting students’ academic performance using machine learning algorithms”, Materials Today: Proceedings, Vol. 47, pp. 5260-5267, 2021"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref16",
            "doi": "10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100018",
            "unstructured": "Rodríguez-Hernández, C. F., Musso, M., Kyndt, E., & Cascallar, E, “Artificial neural networks in academic performance prediction: Systematic implementation and predictor evaluation”, Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 2, pp. 100018, 2021"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref17",
            "doi": "10.1016/j.matpr.2021.07.382",
            "unstructured": "Pallathadka, H., Wenda, A., Ramirez-Asís, E., Asís-López, M., Flores-Albornoz, J., & Phasinam, K, “Classification and prediction of student performance data using various machine learning algorithms”, Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref18",
            "doi": "10.1016/j.procs.2021.10.077",
            "unstructured": "Farhana, S, “Classification of Academic Performance for University Research Evaluation by Implementing Modified Naive Bayes Algorithm”, Procedia Computer Science, Vol. 194, pp. 224-228, 2021"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref19",
            "doi": "10.1016/s0377-2217(01)00062-5",
            "unstructured": "Mak, B., & Munakata, T, “Rule extraction from expert heuristics: A comparative study of rough sets with neural networks and ID3”, European journal of operational research, Vol. 136, No. 1, pp. 212-229, 2002"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref20",
            "doi": "10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100057",
            "unstructured": "Rahman, S. R., Islam, M. A., Akash, P. P., Parvin, M., Moon, N. N., & Nur, F. N, “Effects of co-curricular activities on student's academic performance by machine learning”, Current Research in Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 2, pp. 100057, 2021"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref21",
            "doi": "10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100035",
            "unstructured": "Matzavela, V., & Alepis, E, “Decision tree learning through a predictive model for student academic performance in intelligent mlearning environments”, Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 2, No. 100035, 2021"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref22",
            "doi": "10.1016/j.procs.2021.03.104",
            "unstructured": "Tarik, A., Aissa, H., & Yousef, F, “Artificial intelligence and machine learning to predict student performance during the COVID-19”, Procedia Computer Science, Vol.184, pp. 835-840, 2021"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref23",
            "doi": "10.1016/j.chb.2019.04.015",
            "unstructured": "Xu, X., Wang, J., Peng, H., & Wu, R, “Prediction of academic performance associated with internet usage behaviors using machine learning algorithms”, Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 98, pp. 166-173, 2019"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref24",
            "doi": "10.1016/j.compeleceng.2020.106903",
            "unstructured": "Zeineddine, Hassan, Udo Braendle, and Assaad Farah, “Enhancing prediction of student success: Automated machine learning approach”, Computers & Electrical Engineering, Vol. 89, 106903, 2021"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref25",
            "doi": "10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.1024",
            "unstructured": "Maheswari, K., Priya, A., Balamurugan, A., & Ramkumar, S, “Analyzing student performance factors using KNN algorithm”, Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref26",
            "doi": "10.1016/j.chb.2019.106189",
            "unstructured": "Waheed, H., Hassan, S. U., Aljohani, N. R., Hardman, J., Alelyani, S., & Nawaz, R, “Predicting academic performance of students from VLE big data using deep learning models”, Computers in Human behavior, Vol. 104, pp. 106189, 2020"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref27",
            "doi": "10.1016/j.aej.2021.10.046",
            "unstructured": "Atlam, E. S., Ewis, A., Abd El-Raouf, M. M., Ghoneim, O., & Gad, I, “A new approach in identifying the psychological impact of COVID-19 on university student’s academic performance”, Alexandria Engineering Journal, Vol. 61, No.7, pp. 5223-5233, 2022"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref28",
            "unstructured": "Van Rossum, “Python Programming language”, USENIX annual technical conference, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 1-36, 2007"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref29",
            "doi": "10.1109/iccmc48092.2020.iccmc-00065",
            "unstructured": "Daw, S., & Basak, R. “Machine learning applications using Waikato environment for knowledge analysis”, IEEE Fourth International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication, pp. 346-351, March 2020"
        }
    ],
    "record": {
        "registrant": "Longman Publishers",
        "registered": "2024-02-16",
        "updated": "2026-09-17",
        "issue_number": 1,
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        "source_agency": "Crossref (member 25296)"
    }
}

The Kernel Metadata Declaration

DOIMetadataKernel.xsd · namespace http://www.doi.org/2010/DOISchema · Attribute Value Sets 2.3 · draft — the agency's DOI name is filled in on accreditation

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- DRAFT declaration: Smart Scholars is not yet a DOI Registration Agency. registrationAgencyDoiName is a marker (10.0/ is no RA's prefix) and is filled in on accreditation. -->
<kernelMetadata xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.doi.org/2010/DOISchema https://www.doi.org/doi_schemas/DOIMetadataKernel.xsd" xmlns="http://www.doi.org/2010/DOISchema">
  <referentDoiName>10.46243/jst.2022.v7.i05.pp20-31</referentDoiName>
  <primaryReferentType>Creation</primaryReferentType>
  <registrationAgencyDoiName>10.0/smart-scholars-draft</registrationAgencyDoiName>
  <issueDate>2026-10-04</issueDate>
  <issueNumber>1</issueNumber>
  <referentCreation>
    <name primaryLanguage="en">
      <value>Prediction System for Student’s Academic Performance to increase University Admission System and Cumulative Grade Point Average Credits</value>
      <type>PrincipalTitle</type>
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    <identifier>
      <nonUriValue>10.46243/jst.2022.v7.i05.pp20-31</nonUriValue>
      <uri returnType="text/html" doesContentNegotiation="true">https://doi.org/10.46243/jst.2022.v7.i05.pp20-31</uri>
      <type>DOI</type>
    </identifier>
    <identifier>
      <uri returnType="text/html">https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/view/465</uri>
      <type>URI</type>
    </identifier>
    <identifier>
      <uri>https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/download/465/411</uri>
      <type>URI</type>
    </identifier>
    <identifier>
      <uri returnType="application/xml">https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/download/465/2057</uri>
      <type>URI</type>
    </identifier>
    <identifier>
      <uri>https://jst.org.in/admin/uploads/JST070502.pdf</uri>
      <type>URI</type>
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    <structuralType>Digital</structuralType>
    <mode>Visual</mode>
    <character>Language</character>
    <type>JournalArticle</type>
    <principalAgent>
      <name>
        <value>P.Mohana Priya P.Mohana Priya</value>
        <type>PrincipalName</type>
      </name>
      <role>Author</role>
    </principalAgent>
    <principalAgent>
      <name>
        <value>Longman Publishers</value>
        <type>PrincipalName</type>
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      <role>Publisher</role>
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    <linkedCreation>
      <name>
        <value>Journal of Science &amp; Technology</value>
        <type>PrincipalTitle</type>
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        <type>ISSN</type>
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      <referentCreationRole>Part</referentCreationRole>
      <referentCreationSequenceIdentifier>
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        <type>VolumeNumber</type>
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      <referentCreationSequenceIdentifier>
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      <referentCreationSequenceIdentifier>
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    <language>en</language>
    <languageOfReferentContent>
      <language>en</language>
      <languageOfReferentContentType>Original</languageOfReferentContentType>
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