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Kernel Metadata Declaration — on demand

ISO 26324 asks a DOI Registration Agency to produce a Kernel Metadata Declaration for every DOI it issues. Give any DOI: its public record becomes a record in the Smart Scholars DOI Metadata Format 1.0, checked against every rule, and declared as the Kernel XML.

Reads the DOI's public Crossref record; nothing is stored. Until Smart Scholars is accredited, every Declaration is marked as a draft in the XML itself.

✓ Meets every rule of the format

The record below is complete and every controlled value is a DOI Attribute Value Set 2.3 spelling. The Declaration on the right follows DOIMetadataKernel.xsd element by element.

What the DOI identifies

A Qualitative Investigation of African Americans’ Decision to Pursue Computing Science Degrees: Implications for Cultivating Career Choice and Aspiration

10.46243/jst.2022.v7.i04.pp209-220 · JournalArticle — an article in a journal · Digital · Visual · Language · en

Published 2022-04-28

Part of Journal of Science & Technology · ISSN 2456-5660 · vol. 7 · no. 4 · pp. 209–220

Principal agents

  • Dr.K.Spoorthy Dr.K.Spoorthy (author → Author)
  • Longman Publishers (publisher → Publisher)

Also in the record, outside the Kernel: the abstract, the licence, 4 links, 18 references. Source: Crossref (member 25296), registered 2024-02-16, last deposited 2026-09-20.

⬇ Record (JSON) ⬇ Declaration (XML)

System metadata — ISO 26324:2025, Annex B · DOI Handbook 10.1

Each element by the standard's name and the Handbook's (in grey), read off the record.

DOI Name
DOI name
10.46243/jst.2022.v7.i04.pp209-220
Referent Type
referentType
Creation
Referent Sub-Type
referentSubType
JournalArticle — an article in a journal
Referent Name(s)
referentName(s)
A Qualitative Investigation of African Americans’ Decision to Pursue Computing Science Degrees: Implications for Cultivating Career Choice and Aspiration (PrincipalTitle, en)
Basic Metadata
basicMetadata
author: Dr.K.Spoorthy Dr.K.Spoorthy
publisher: Longman Publishers
published: 2022-04-28
part of: Journal of Science & Technology · ISSN 2456-5660 · vol. 7 · no. 4 · pp. 209–220
language: en
form: Digital · Visual · Language
Referent Identifier(s)
alternateIdentifier(s)
none besides the DOI
Registration Authority
registrationAuthorityCode
Crossref — issued by Crossref (member 25296); held here as a copy
Created Date
issueDate
2024-02-16
relatedIdentifiersnone needed — the descriptive metadata is in this record

The record

{
    "format": "smartscholars-doi-metadata/1.0",
    "doi": "10.46243/jst.2022.v7.i04.pp209-220",
    "referent": "Creation",
    "type": "JournalArticle",
    "structural_type": "Digital",
    "modes": [
        "Visual"
    ],
    "characters": [
        "Language"
    ],
    "titles": [
        {
            "value": "A Qualitative Investigation of African Americans’ Decision to Pursue Computing Science Degrees: Implications for Cultivating Career Choice and Aspiration",
            "type": "PrincipalTitle",
            "lang": "en"
        }
    ],
    "identifiers": [
        {
            "type": "DOI",
            "value": "10.46243/jst.2022.v7.i04.pp209-220"
        }
    ],
    "agents": [
        {
            "role": "author",
            "name": {
                "given": "Dr.K.Spoorthy",
                "family": "Dr.K.Spoorthy"
            },
            "sequence": "first"
        },
        {
            "role": "publisher",
            "name": {
                "org": "Longman Publishers"
            }
        }
    ],
    "dates": {
        "published": "2022-04-28",
        "date_type": "PublicationDate",
        "online": "2022-04-28"
    },
    "language": "en",
    "container": {
        "type": "Journal",
        "titles": [
            {
                "value": "Journal of Science & Technology",
                "type": "PrincipalTitle"
            }
        ],
        "identifiers": [
            {
                "type": "ISSN",
                "value": "2456-5660",
                "medium": "electronic"
            }
        ],
        "volume": "7",
        "issue": "4",
        "pages": {
            "first": "209",
            "last": "220"
        }
    },
    "links": [
        {
            "url": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/view/667",
            "return_type": "text/html",
            "primary": true
        },
        {
            "url": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/download/667/595",
            "purpose": "text-mining",
            "return_type": "application/pdf"
        },
        {
            "url": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/download/667/2099",
            "purpose": "text-mining",
            "return_type": "application/xml"
        },
        {
            "url": "https://jst.org.in/admin/uploads/CSE%206%202022.pdf",
            "purpose": "similarity-checking"
        }
    ],
    "abstract": {
        "value": "Pearson (2002) claims that underrepresented groups are underrepresented in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields. African Americans are one of these under -represented populations. For the sake of the American economy, it is crucial to increase the number of people studying computer science and other STEM subjects (J. F. L. Jackson, Charleston, George, and Gilbert, in press; Moore, 2006; Pearson, 2002). The author sheds light on the lives of African American students pursu ing degrees in computing at the undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral levels via the use of the grounded theory methodology. There are implications for encouraging participants to pursue computer science degrees and for encouraging them to pursue their professional goals in general that stem from the findings of this research. The research yielded a heuristic approach for increasing access to computers",
        "lang": "en"
    },
    "license": {
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "start": "2022-04-28",
        "applies_to": "vor"
    },
    "references": [
        {
            "key": "ref1",
            "unstructured": "The American Testing Association (2006). Improving access to STEM education. Author, Iowa City, IA"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref2",
            "unstructured": "Ashby, C. M. (2006). The role of government programs in the current state of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Report No. GAO-06-702T, Testimony before the House Committee on Education and the Workforce. United States Government Accountability Office, Washington, DC"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref3",
            "doi": "10.1016/j.jvb.2006.02.005",
            "unstructured": "Similarly, Byars-Winston, A. Black college students' social cognitive career factors as predicted by racial ideology. Career Development: An International Journal, 69, 134–148"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref4",
            "doi": "10.1177/0894845309345847",
            "unstructured": "A. Byars-Winston & Co. Assessing and counseling African Americans on their professional futures via the lens of cultural formulations. Career Development Journal, 37, 441–464. doi:10.1177/ 0894845309345847"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref5",
            "doi": "10.2307/2967293",
            "unstructured": "According to Carver, B. A. Defining the early elementary school computer education environment for African American boys in metropolitan settings. Journal of African American Education, 63(4), 532-545. doi:10.2307/2967293"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref6",
            "doi": "10.1108/s1479-3644(2011)0000011018",
            "unstructured": "L. J. Charleston & J. F. L. Jackson (2011). Mentoring program for the academic and scientific leaders of the future: Methods that have been shown to help black students succeed in PhD programs in computer science. Beyond stock stories and folktales: African Americans' pathways into STEM areas, edited by W. F. Tate and H. T. Frierson (pp. 287–305). Emerald, of Bingley, UK. doi:10.1108/S1479-3644 (2011)00000110181990"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref7",
            "unstructured": "H. Cheatham. African-centeredness and the advancement of black professionals. Job Decline (Eds.) C. F. Conrad, A. Neumann, J. G. Haworth, and P. Scott (1993). Learning from and with diverse viewpoints and methods of inquiry in qualitative studies in higher education. Boston, MA: Ginn Press, Needham Heights"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref8",
            "doi": "10.1353/hsj.2003.0014",
            "unstructured": "Flowers, L. A., H. R. Milner, & J. L. Moore, III. Implications for preservice and inservice high school teachers and counselors about the influence of locus of power on the educational aspirations of African American high school seniors. 87, 39–50. DOI: 10.1355/hsj.2003.0014. The High School Journal. (2005)"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref9",
            "doi": "10.1002/j.2161-0045.2005.tb00992.x",
            "unstructured": "Fouad, N., and Byars-Winston, A. Analysis of cultural factors in occupational choice among ethnic groups. doi:10.1002/j.2161-0045.2005.tb00992.x The Career Development Quarterly, 53, 223-233"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref10",
            "unstructured": "Gilbert and James F. L. Jackson. 2007. An Overview of the STEM Fields and Their Current Status. Final report for the M7 STEM white paper, edited by J. E. Gilbert and J. F. L. Jackson (pp. 7-13). University of Marquette Press, Milwaukee"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref11",
            "unstructured": "According to Gilbert (2007), Jackson (2007), George (2007), Charleston (2007), Daniels (2007), and Charleston (2007), B. D. The M7 area is a case study for a SWOT analysis of STEM education. M7 white paper: Final report (pp. 38-66) in J. E. Gilbert and J. F. L. Jackson (Eds.). Marquette University Press, Milwaukee, Wisconsin"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref12",
            "doi": "10.1177/104973299129122199",
            "unstructured": "As cited in Glaser (1999). Grounded theory's bright future. 836-845 in QHR: Qualitative Health Research. doi: 10.1177/104973299129122199"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref13",
            "unstructured": "Strauss, A. C., and B. G. Glaser (1967). Grounded theory development : methods for doing qualitative research. Aldine Publishing Company, Chicago"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref14",
            "unstructured": ". Gottfredson, L. S. Gottfredson's theory of confinement and accommodation as applied to career counseling. Career guidance and counseling: Implementing theory and research, edited by S. D. Brown and R. W. Lent (pp. 71-100). Wiley, a New York publisher"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref15",
            "unstructured": "Graham, Lawrence P. The persistence of undergraduate women in engineering: a qualitative study (Doctoral dissertation, unpublished). Blacksburg, Virginia; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref16",
            "unstructured": "Y. S. Lincoln and E. Guba Guba (1981). Evaluating in a way that yields actionable insights requires an approach that is both flexible and grounded in reality. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, California"
        },
        {
            "key": "ref17",
            "unstructured": "Graeme A. Hrabowski & William J. Pearson, Jr. Journal of collegiate Science Teaching, 22, 234-238. \"Recruiting and retaining talented African-American males in college science and engineering.\""
        },
        {
            "key": "ref18",
            "unstructured": "Jackson, J. F. L., L. J. Charleston, P. L. George, and J. E. Gilbert are now working on a publication. Motivations of African American men to pursue careers in computer science: A survey of students and practitioners. To cite M. C. Brown"
        }
    ],
    "record": {
        "registrant": "Longman Publishers",
        "registered": "2024-02-16",
        "updated": "2026-09-20",
        "issue_number": 1,
        "source": "crossref-api",
        "source_agency": "Crossref (member 25296)"
    }
}

The Kernel Metadata Declaration

DOIMetadataKernel.xsd · namespace http://www.doi.org/2010/DOISchema · Attribute Value Sets 2.3 · draft — the agency's DOI name is filled in on accreditation

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- DRAFT declaration: Smart Scholars is not yet a DOI Registration Agency. registrationAgencyDoiName is a marker (10.0/ is no RA's prefix) and is filled in on accreditation. -->
<kernelMetadata xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.doi.org/2010/DOISchema https://www.doi.org/doi_schemas/DOIMetadataKernel.xsd" xmlns="http://www.doi.org/2010/DOISchema">
  <referentDoiName>10.46243/jst.2022.v7.i04.pp209-220</referentDoiName>
  <primaryReferentType>Creation</primaryReferentType>
  <registrationAgencyDoiName>10.0/smart-scholars-draft</registrationAgencyDoiName>
  <issueDate>2026-10-04</issueDate>
  <issueNumber>1</issueNumber>
  <referentCreation>
    <name primaryLanguage="en">
      <value>A Qualitative Investigation of African Americans’ Decision to Pursue Computing Science Degrees: Implications for Cultivating Career Choice and Aspiration</value>
      <type>PrincipalTitle</type>
    </name>
    <identifier>
      <nonUriValue>10.46243/jst.2022.v7.i04.pp209-220</nonUriValue>
      <uri returnType="text/html" doesContentNegotiation="true">https://doi.org/10.46243/jst.2022.v7.i04.pp209-220</uri>
      <type>DOI</type>
    </identifier>
    <identifier>
      <uri returnType="text/html">https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/view/667</uri>
      <type>URI</type>
    </identifier>
    <identifier>
      <uri>https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/download/667/595</uri>
      <type>URI</type>
    </identifier>
    <identifier>
      <uri returnType="application/xml">https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/download/667/2099</uri>
      <type>URI</type>
    </identifier>
    <identifier>
      <uri>https://jst.org.in/admin/uploads/CSE%206%202022.pdf</uri>
      <type>URI</type>
    </identifier>
    <structuralType>Digital</structuralType>
    <mode>Visual</mode>
    <character>Language</character>
    <type>JournalArticle</type>
    <principalAgent>
      <name>
        <value>Dr.K.Spoorthy Dr.K.Spoorthy</value>
        <type>PrincipalName</type>
      </name>
      <role>Author</role>
    </principalAgent>
    <principalAgent>
      <name>
        <value>Longman Publishers</value>
        <type>PrincipalName</type>
      </name>
      <role>Publisher</role>
    </principalAgent>
    <linkedCreation>
      <name>
        <value>Journal of Science &amp; Technology</value>
        <type>PrincipalTitle</type>
      </name>
      <identifier>
        <nonUriValue>2456-5660</nonUriValue>
        <type>ISSN</type>
      </identifier>
      <referentCreationRole>Part</referentCreationRole>
      <referentCreationSequenceIdentifier>
        <value>7</value>
        <type>VolumeNumber</type>
      </referentCreationSequenceIdentifier>
      <referentCreationSequenceIdentifier>
        <value>4</value>
        <type>IssueNumber</type>
      </referentCreationSequenceIdentifier>
      <referentCreationSequenceIdentifier>
        <value>209-220</value>
        <type>PageNumber</type>
      </referentCreationSequenceIdentifier>
    </linkedCreation>
    <language>en</language>
    <languageOfReferentContent>
      <language>en</language>
      <languageOfReferentContentType>Original</languageOfReferentContentType>
    </languageOfReferentContent>
    <creationDate>
      <date>2022-04-28</date>
      <creationDateType>PublicationDate</creationDateType>
    </creationDate>
  </referentCreation>
</kernelMetadata>
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