Kernel Metadata Declaration — on demand
ISO 26324 asks a DOI Registration Agency to produce a Kernel Metadata Declaration for every DOI it issues. Give any DOI: its public record becomes a record in the Smart Scholars DOI Metadata Format 1.0, checked against every rule, and declared as the Kernel XML.
✓ Meets every rule of the format
The record below is complete and every controlled value is a DOI Attribute Value Set 2.3 spelling. The Declaration on the right follows DOIMetadataKernel.xsd element by element.
What the DOI identifies
Characterization of Bacterial Culture on ZnO and Pb(NO3)2Nanoparticles
10.46243/jst.2021.v6.i2.pp48-57 · JournalArticle — an article in a journal · Digital · Visual · Language · en
Published 2021-02-03
Part of Journal of Science & Technology · ISSN 2456-5660 · vol. 06 · no. 02 · pp. 48–57
Principal agents
- Dr.A. Mohamed Sikkander (author → Author) · ORCID 0000-0002-8458-7448
- Dr.Khadeeja Yasmeen (author → Author)
- Longman Publishers (publisher → Publisher)
Also in the record, outside the Kernel: the abstract, the licence, 3 links, 8 references. Source: Crossref (member 25296), registered 2026-09-08, last deposited 2026-09-20.
System metadata — ISO 26324:2025, Annex B · DOI Handbook 10.1
Each element by the standard's name and the Handbook's (in grey), read off the record.
| DOI Name DOI name | 10.46243/jst.2021.v6.i2.pp48-57 |
| Referent Type referentType | Creation |
| Referent Sub-Type referentSubType | JournalArticle — an article in a journal |
| Referent Name(s) referentName(s) | Characterization of Bacterial Culture on ZnO and Pb(NO3)2Nanoparticles (PrincipalTitle, en) |
| Basic Metadata basicMetadata | author: Dr.A. Mohamed Sikkander author: Dr.Khadeeja Yasmeen publisher: Longman Publishers published: 2021-02-03 part of: Journal of Science & Technology · ISSN 2456-5660 · vol. 06 · no. 02 · pp. 48–57 language: en form: Digital · Visual · Language |
| Referent Identifier(s) alternateIdentifier(s) | none besides the DOI |
| Registration Authority registrationAuthorityCode | Crossref — issued by Crossref (member 25296); held here as a copy |
| Created Date issueDate | 2026-09-08 |
| relatedIdentifiers | none needed — the descriptive metadata is in this record |
The record
{
"format": "smartscholars-doi-metadata/1.0",
"doi": "10.46243/jst.2021.v6.i2.pp48-57",
"referent": "Creation",
"type": "JournalArticle",
"structural_type": "Digital",
"modes": [
"Visual"
],
"characters": [
"Language"
],
"titles": [
{
"value": "Characterization of Bacterial Culture on ZnO and Pb(NO3)2Nanoparticles",
"type": "PrincipalTitle",
"lang": "en"
}
],
"identifiers": [
{
"type": "DOI",
"value": "10.46243/jst.2021.v6.i2.pp48-57"
}
],
"agents": [
{
"role": "author",
"name": {
"given": "Dr.A. Mohamed",
"family": "Sikkander"
},
"sequence": "first",
"identifiers": [
{
"type": "ORCID",
"value": "0000-0002-8458-7448",
"verified": false
}
]
},
{
"role": "author",
"name": {
"given": "Dr.Khadeeja",
"family": "Yasmeen"
},
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"role": "publisher",
"name": {
"org": "Longman Publishers"
}
}
],
"dates": {
"published": "2021-02-03",
"date_type": "PublicationDate",
"online": "2021-02-03"
},
"language": "en",
"container": {
"type": "Journal",
"titles": [
{
"value": "Journal of Science & Technology",
"type": "PrincipalTitle"
}
],
"identifiers": [
{
"type": "ISSN",
"value": "2456-5660",
"medium": "electronic"
}
],
"volume": "06",
"issue": "02",
"pages": {
"first": "48",
"last": "57"
}
},
"links": [
{
"url": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/view/299",
"return_type": "text/html",
"primary": true
},
{
"url": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/download/299/262",
"purpose": "text-mining",
"return_type": "application/pdf"
},
{
"url": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/download/299/2471",
"purpose": "text-mining",
"return_type": "application/xml"
}
],
"abstract": {
"value": "The most abundant organisms in our biosphere are bacteria as Escherichia coli. Slight climate changes can potentially be disastrous to the life processes of bacteria; this can result in the prolific advantage for the production of nanoparticles.On the other hand synthesis of metal nanoparticles by eukaryotic cells such as fungi Aspergillus niger is reported. A. niger have the advantage of producing very high yields of secreted proteins, which may increase nanoparticle synthesis rate. Mycelia provide a much higher surface area than bacteria and this area could be used to support the interaction of metal ions and fungal reducing agent thus enhancing the reduction of metal nanoparticles. The bio reduction of NPs was monitored by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and the nanoparticles obtained were characterized by electron microscopy. In bacterial culture ZnO and Pb(NO3)2NPs have sharp absorbance with the highest peak at 300nm and 250nm respectively. On the other hand, in fungal culture ZnO and Pb(NO3)2NPs have highest absorbance peak at 230nm and 240nm respectively. The synthesized NPs (fungal biomass) were almost spherical in shape and some of them were aggregated ranging in size from 30-70nm and 10-50nm stabilized in the solution. Furthermore, the antimicrobial potential of zinc and lead nanoparticles was systematically evaluated. The synthesized nanoparticles could efficiently inhibit various pathogenic organisms, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. The bactericidal effect of zinc and lead nanoparticles were compared based on diameter of inhibition zone in agar diffusion assay, disc method tests and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).",
"lang": "en"
},
"license": {
"url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"start": "2021-02-03",
"applies_to": "vor"
},
"references": [
{
"key": "ref1",
"doi": "10.1021/ac200853a",
"unstructured": "Sapsford K.E., Tyner K.M., Dair B.J., Medintz I.L., 2011. Analyzing nanomaterial bioconjugates: A review of current and emerging purification and characterization techniques, Anal. Chem., 83: 4453–4488"
},
{
"key": "ref2",
"doi": "10.1016/s0927-7757(97)00087-3",
"unstructured": "Sastry M., Mayya K.S., Bandyopadhyay K., 1997. pH Dependent changes in the optical properties of carboxylic acid derivatized silver colloidal particles. Colloids Surf., A Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 127: 221–228. 3 2"
},
{
"key": "ref3",
"doi": "10.1021/la026772l",
"unstructured": "Ahmad A., Senapati S., Khan M. I., Kumar R., Sastry M., 2003. Extracellular Biosynthesis of Monodisperse Gold Nanoparticles by a Novel Extremophilic Actinomycete, Thermomonospora sp., Biochemical Sciences, 19(8): 3550–3553"
},
{
"key": "ref4",
"doi": "10.4172/2157-7439.1000233",
"unstructured": "Pantidos N., Horsfall L. E., 2014. Biological Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles by Bacteria, Fungi and Plants, J Nanomed Nanotechnol, 5: 233"
},
{
"key": "ref5",
"unstructured": "Joshi M., Bhattacharyya A., 2008. Characterization techniques for nanotechnology applications in textiles. Indian J. Fiber Text. Res, 33: 304–317"
},
{
"key": "ref6",
"doi": "10.1007/978-0-387-76501-3_1",
"unstructured": "Williams D.B., Carter C.B., 2009. The Transmission Electron Microscope; Springer Verlag, New York, NY, USA"
},
{
"key": "ref7",
"unstructured": "Pawley J., 1997. The development of field-emission scanning electron microscopy for imaging biological surfaces. Scanning, 19: 324–336"
},
{
"key": "ref8",
"doi": "10.1016/0168-583x(87)90553-2",
"unstructured": "Fieldman L. C., Mayer J. W., 1986. Fundamentals of Surface and Thin Film Analysis, Prentice Hall, Englewood C, 26 (4): 620-620"
}
],
"record": {
"registrant": "Longman Publishers",
"registered": "2026-09-08",
"updated": "2026-09-20",
"issue_number": 1,
"source": "crossref-api",
"source_agency": "Crossref (member 25296)"
}
}The Kernel Metadata Declaration
DOIMetadataKernel.xsd · namespace http://www.doi.org/2010/DOISchema · Attribute Value Sets 2.3 · draft — the agency's DOI name is filled in on accreditation
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- DRAFT declaration: Smart Scholars is not yet a DOI Registration Agency. registrationAgencyDoiName is a marker (10.0/ is no RA's prefix) and is filled in on accreditation. -->
<kernelMetadata xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.doi.org/2010/DOISchema https://www.doi.org/doi_schemas/DOIMetadataKernel.xsd" xmlns="http://www.doi.org/2010/DOISchema">
<referentDoiName>10.46243/jst.2021.v6.i2.pp48-57</referentDoiName>
<primaryReferentType>Creation</primaryReferentType>
<registrationAgencyDoiName>10.0/smart-scholars-draft</registrationAgencyDoiName>
<issueDate>2026-10-04</issueDate>
<issueNumber>1</issueNumber>
<referentCreation>
<name primaryLanguage="en">
<value>Characterization of Bacterial Culture on ZnO and Pb(NO3)2Nanoparticles</value>
<type>PrincipalTitle</type>
</name>
<identifier>
<nonUriValue>10.46243/jst.2021.v6.i2.pp48-57</nonUriValue>
<uri returnType="text/html" doesContentNegotiation="true">https://doi.org/10.46243/jst.2021.v6.i2.pp48-57</uri>
<type>DOI</type>
</identifier>
<identifier>
<uri returnType="text/html">https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/view/299</uri>
<type>URI</type>
</identifier>
<identifier>
<uri>https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/download/299/262</uri>
<type>URI</type>
</identifier>
<identifier>
<uri returnType="application/xml">https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/download/299/2471</uri>
<type>URI</type>
</identifier>
<structuralType>Digital</structuralType>
<mode>Visual</mode>
<character>Language</character>
<type>JournalArticle</type>
<principalAgent>
<name>
<value>Dr.A. Mohamed Sikkander</value>
<type>PrincipalName</type>
</name>
<identifier>
<nonUriValue>0000-0002-8458-7448</nonUriValue>
<uri returnType="text/html">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8458-7448</uri>
<type>ORCID</type>
</identifier>
<role>Author</role>
</principalAgent>
<principalAgent>
<name>
<value>Dr.Khadeeja Yasmeen</value>
<type>PrincipalName</type>
</name>
<role>Author</role>
</principalAgent>
<principalAgent>
<name>
<value>Longman Publishers</value>
<type>PrincipalName</type>
</name>
<role>Publisher</role>
</principalAgent>
<linkedCreation>
<name>
<value>Journal of Science & Technology</value>
<type>PrincipalTitle</type>
</name>
<identifier>
<nonUriValue>2456-5660</nonUriValue>
<type>ISSN</type>
</identifier>
<referentCreationRole>Part</referentCreationRole>
<referentCreationSequenceIdentifier>
<value>06</value>
<type>VolumeNumber</type>
</referentCreationSequenceIdentifier>
<referentCreationSequenceIdentifier>
<value>02</value>
<type>IssueNumber</type>
</referentCreationSequenceIdentifier>
<referentCreationSequenceIdentifier>
<value>48-57</value>
<type>PageNumber</type>
</referentCreationSequenceIdentifier>
</linkedCreation>
<language>en</language>
<languageOfReferentContent>
<language>en</language>
<languageOfReferentContentType>Original</languageOfReferentContentType>
</languageOfReferentContent>
<creationDate>
<date>2021-02-03</date>
<creationDateType>PublicationDate</creationDateType>
</creationDate>
</referentCreation>
</kernelMetadata>
